China’s second-tier cities—such as Chengdu, Hangzhou, Suzhou, and Xiamen—are vibrant, fast-growing urban centers that offer a unique blend of modernity and tradition.
While these cities are less overwhelming than Beijing or Shanghai, navigating their transportation systems can be challenging, especially for newcomers and non-Chinese speakers.
This guide provides practical, up-to-date advice for expats, travelers, and business visitors.
What Are Second-Tier Cities?
Second-tier cities in China are major economic and cultural hubs with populations typically between 3–10 million.
They are rapidly developing, often more affordable, and less crowded than first-tier cities, but their infrastructure and services can vary widely.
Examples of Second-Tier Cities:
| City | Population (approx.) | Metro System | Notable Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chengdu | 16 million | Yes | Tech, cuisine, pandas |
| Hangzhou | 12 million | Yes | E-commerce, West Lake |
| Suzhou | 10 million | Yes | Canals, gardens |
| Xiamen | 5 million | Yes | Coastal, tourism |
| Zhengzhou | 12 million | Yes | Transport hub |
| Guiyang | 5 million | Yes | Eco-tourism, big data |
Source: Statista
Public Transportation: Metro, Bus, and More
Metro Systems
Many second-tier cities have built or are expanding metro networks.
These systems are modern, clean, and increasingly foreigner-friendly.
| City | Metro Lines (2024) | English Signage | Mobile Payment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chengdu | 13 | Yes | Yes |
| Hangzhou | 12 | Yes | Yes |
| Suzhou | 6 | Partial | Yes |
| Xiamen | 4 | Partial | Yes |
- Fares: 2–7 RMB, depending on distance.
- Payment: Alipay, WeChat Pay, or city transport cards.
- How to Use: Download MetroMan or ExploreMetro for English metro maps and route planning.
Tip: Some cities offer QR code entry via Alipay/WeChat, but setup may require a Chinese bank card. Guide for foreigners on mobile payments.
Buses
Buses are cheap (1–3 RMB) and extensive, but routes and stops are often only in Chinese.
Use Baidu Maps or Amap (Gaode) for real-time info—both apps support basic English.
- Accessibility: Low-floor buses are common in larger cities, but not universal.
- Practical Tip: Avoid peak hours (7–9 AM, 5–7 PM) for a less crowded experience.
Taxis and Ride-Hailing
Traditional Taxis
- Base Fare: 8–12 RMB (varies by city).
- How to Hail: At taxi stands, via hotel, or on the street.
- Tip: Always insist on using the meter. Avoid unlicensed taxis.
Didi Chuxing (滴滴出行)
Didi is China’s leading ride-hailing app, available in English.
Download the Didi app and register with a foreign phone number.
| Service Type | Language Support | Payment Options |
|---|---|---|
| Didi | English | Alipay, WeChat, cards* |
| Taxis | Chinese | Cash, Alipay, WeChat |
Some international cards are accepted, but setup can be tricky. Didi’s guide for foreigners
Shared Bikes and E-Scooters
Bike-Sharing
Major providers: Meituan Bike, HelloBike.
- Cost: ~1 RMB per 15 minutes.
- How to Use: Scan QR code via Alipay or WeChat. Foreigners may need to verify ID.
- Cities: Widely available in Suzhou, Chengdu, Hangzhou, Xiamen.
E-Scooters
E-scooter sharing is growing, but mostly run by local companies (not Lime).
Look for apps like HelloBike or city-specific services.
- Legal Note: Some cities restrict e-scooter use on main roads. Always wear a helmet and check local rules.
Inter-City Travel
High-Speed Rail (HSR)
China’s HSR network is world-class, connecting most second-tier cities.
| Route | Duration | 2nd Class Fare (RMB) |
|---|---|---|
| Hangzhou–Shanghai | 45 min | 73–100 |
| Chengdu–Chongqing | 1.5 hrs | 80–120 |
| Suzhou–Nanjing | 1 hr | 50–80 |
- Booking: 12306.cn (official, English), Trip.com, Ctrip.
- Tip: Foreigners can use passports to buy tickets.
Domestic Flights
- When to Use: For distances over 1,000 km.
- Booking: Qunar, Ctrip.
- Note: Flights are often more expensive and less convenient than HSR for short/medium distances.
Essential Tips for Expats and Travelers
| Challenge | Solution/Resource |
|---|---|
| Language Barrier | Pleco (dictionary), Google Translate, translation cards |
| Mobile Payments | WeChat Pay for Foreigners, Alipay for Foreigners |
| Accessibility | Check city metro websites for elevator info; request accessible taxis via Didi |
| Safety | Use official apps, avoid unlicensed taxis, follow local traffic laws |
| COVID-19 Updates | Check China Travel Advisory for latest rules |
